The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is a key piece of EU legislation aimed at improving the energy efficiency of buildings across Europe. It is part of the EU’s broader Green Deal and Fit for 55 initiatives, which seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve climate neutrality by 2050.
🔍 What is the EPBD?
The EPBD sets requirements and standards for:
- Energy performance of new and existing buildings
- Renovation of buildings
- Building energy certification
- Inspection of heating, air-conditioning, and ventilation systems
- Deployment of smart technologies and infrastructure for electric mobility
🧱 Who does it apply to?
It applies to:
- Residential buildings (homes, apartments)
- Non-residential buildings (offices, schools, shops, etc.)
- Both new constructions and major renovations
🏡 Key goals and changes (as of the latest revision in 2024):
- Zero-emission buildings (ZEBs) by 2030
All new buildings must be zero-emission from 2030 onward (2028 for public buildings). - Renovation of worst-performing buildings
Mandatory minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) to gradually improve the worst 15% of each country’s building stock. - Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs)
More standardized and reliable across the EU. Required when selling or renting buildings. - Digital Building Logbooks
Digital records of a building’s energy use, renovation history, technical systems, and materials used. - Electrification and e-mobility
Requirements for pre-cabling or installation of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in buildings. - Solar rooftop mandate
Gradual roll-out of solar energy installations on new and renovated buildings, where feasible. - Smart readiness
Promotion of smart building technologies such as automation, control systems, and energy management tools.
📅 Timeline (key milestones):
- 2023–2024: Revised EPBD adopted by EU Parliament and Council
- 2025–2026: Transposition into national law by member states
- 2028–2030: Zero-emission building requirements kick in
- 2030–2050: Progressive renovation of the building stock toward full decarbonization
🌍 Why is it important?
- Buildings account for about 40% of the EU’s energy consumption and 36% of CO₂ emissions.
- Energy-efficient buildings help reduce energy bills, improve indoor comfort, and support energy independence.